英文参考文献三篇

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　　英文参考文献一篇

　　LearningAdviceCentre

　　yourintheauthor/datesystem)and,forlawstudentsorindissertations,thenumericsystem.Differentsubjectareasuseslightvariationsofthesesystems(andothersystemsdoexist)soyoumustconsultyourcourse/modulehandbookforclarificationofthespecificconventionsthatyouareexpectedtousewithinyoursubjectarea(s).

　　Referencesneedtoappearintwoplaces:

　　1.withinthebodyofyourwritinginclude:author‟ssurname,yearofpublicationand,ifquoting,theexactpagenumberfromwhichthequoteistaken;

　　2.inthebibliographyincludeatleast:author‟ssurname,initial(s),yearofpublication,titleoftext/chapter,edition,publisher&placeofpublication;seepage3forspecificdetailsthatapplytoreferencingdifferentsources.Therearetwowaysinwhichyoucanreference,orcite,anotherperson'swork:a)byparaphrasing;thisshowsyouhavefullyinterpretedwhatyouhaveread-seeLearningSkillsHelpSheetonHowtoParaphrase;

　　1.1Referenceswithinthebodyofthetext-HarvardSystem

　　b)byquotingdirectly;followwithacommenttoshowrelevance/understandingIfthedirectquotationismorethantwolines,youshouldindentitasaseparateparagraphe.g.:

　　AsCottrell(2003,p.148)pointsout

　　“Ourviewsofwhatis„intelligent‟canpreventusfromdevelopingourmindstotheirfullpotential.Peoplewhofeeltheyare„notverybright‟or„notverycreative‟probablywillfulfilthatestimationofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,positivethinkingandconstructivementalactivitydevelopthemind.”

　　Citingsecondarysources:

　　Ifyouarereferencingaworkcitedbytheauthorofthetextyouarereading,youshouldcitetheoriginalworkasbeingwithinasecondarysourcei.e.whatwhatthewriterofthebookyouarereadinghasread,usingthefollowingmethod:AccordingtoDeBono(1994,citedinCottrell,2003,p.148),“cleverpeopleareoftenhamperedbytheirapparentintelligenceintwoways:”theyaregoodatarguinganddefendingtheirpointofview;theyindulgeinnegativecriticismwhichisaquick,easyanddramaticwayofprovingsomeonewrong.

　　Cont'd

　　YoucanmakeanappointmentwiththeLearningAdvisorifyouwishtoreceivemoreindividualadviceonyourindependentlearningskills.Emailorphone02079115000ext.2364.

　　LearningAdviceCentre

　　referenceappearsasafootnoteatthebottomofthepagee.g.:ThereweremanychangesintheBritishdietintheperiodafter1870.Fruit

　　becamemorecommon,especiallyintheformoffruitjam.Eventhefish-and-chipshopdatesfromthesameperiod.1

　　(Note:Seebottomofthispageforassociatedfootnote.)

　　ToinsertfootnotesusingWord,clickontheplace

　　inyourdocumentwhereyouwanttoinsertthe

　　footnote.

　　ThenclickontheInsertmenu,selectReference,

　　thenclickonFootnote.

　　Anotherwindowwillthenopenthatwillallowyoutoformatthe

　　footnotesmanually,ifyourequire.

　　Oncethefootnotehasbeeninsertedinthetextanditappears

　　atthebottomofthepage,clicknexttothenumberatthe

　　bottomtoaddthereferencedetails:authorsurname,initial(s),

　　publicationyear,titleofwork/article,pagenumber,etc.

　　Onceyouhavereferencedanauthorforthefirsttimeusingthenumericsystemyoudonothavetorepeatthatsamereferenceinfullagain.Ifthesameworkisreferencedconsecutivelyonthesamepageuse:ibid.=(fromtheLatin„ibidem‟,meaning„thesame‟)or

　　op.cit.=(fromtheLatin„operecitado‟meaning„intheworkalreadycited‟)

　　Ifthesameworkisreferencedonanotherpage,listtheauthor‟ssurname,initialsanddateofpublicationagainfollowedbyop.cit.andthepagenumber.

　　Differentpagenumbersforthecitationsyouusemustbelistedwitheachfootnote(seeexamplebelow).2

　　Hobsbawm,H.,(1990),TheEatingHabitsoftheBritishPeople,p.1622ibid.,p.163

　　1

　　LearningAdviceCentreaccordingto

　　BooksHeinz,E.,(2000),AHistoryofBakedBeans,Arnold,LondonIftherearetwoauthorsyoumustlistbothauthors‟namese.g.:Heinz,E.,andMcDonald,R.,(2001),AHistoryofBakedBeans,Arnold,LondonIftherearemorethantwoauthors,namethefirstauthorfollowedby‘etal’(Latinmeaning„andothers‟)e.g.:

　　Heinz,E.,etal.,(2002),TheBeanandOtherLegumes,Routledge,NewYorkIfthebookhasmorethanoneedition,youmuststatewhicheditionyouhaveusede.g.:

　　Heinz,E.,andMcDonald,R.,(2006),AHistoryofBakedBeans,(2ndEd.),Arnold,London

　　AnarticleinabookJohnson,S.,(1998a),TheCornflakeinHistory,In:Jennings,N.,(Ed.)FoodforThought,EdinburghUniversityPress,UK

　　JournalarticlesJohnson,S.,(1998b),„Deconstructingthepre-millennialdiet:SpecialKandpostmodernism‟,CulturalStudies11,1:pp.32–44

　　ThismeansthatanarticlebySarahJohnsoncalled„Deconstructingthepre-millennialdiet:SpecialKandpostmodernism‟waspublishedinthejournalCulturalStudies,volume11,number1,onpages32to44.Thisissueofthejournalwaspublishedin1998.

　　Whereyouhavereferencedtwoormoreseparateworksbythesameauthorthatwerepublishedinthesameyear,addalphabeticalnotationafterthepublicationyearinboththetextandbibliographytodistinguishbetweentheworks.(Seeexamplesabove.)

　　E-journalarticlesJimenez,R.,(2003),„SexDifferencesinL2VocabularyLearningStrategies‟,InternationalJournalofAppliedLinguistics13,1,pp.54-77,[online],availablefrom:[Accessed13/10/2006]

　　Fore-journals/booksyoumuststatethatitisanonlineresource,citetheURLandincludethedateyouaccesseditattheendinadditiontoincludingthejournalvolume/numberandthepublicationyear,asabove.

　　LearningAdviceCentreacceptabletitleandstatethedateyouaccessedthesitee.g.:Holmes,A.,(2000),Greenpeacewinsmediawar,[online],availablefrom:[Accessed25/10/2006].

　　Ifyoucannotfind&statetheauthor‟sname,usethenameoftheorganisation,e.g.:BBC,(2007),NorthernIreland:TheTroubles,[online],availablefrom:

　　[Accessed30/04/2007].

　　Newspaperarticles

　　Listthewriter‟ssurnameandinitial(s),yearofpublication,titleofarticle,titleofnewspaperfollowedbythefulldateofpublication,sectionofthepaperandpagenumber,e.g.:Ratner,C.,(2000),„Magazinesparkslovefeud‟,TheIndependent,10October2000,ThursdayReview:p.14

　　ReferencetoaThesis

　　Listthesurname,initials,year,title,typeofthesis,nameofinstitutionsubmittedto:Smith,J.,(2005),LinguisticSignificanceofTeenageSlangintheUK,(PhD),UniversityofWestminster

　　TVProgrammes

　　Followingtheseriestitlelistthenumberandtitleoftheepisode,year,transmittingchannelfollowedbythefulldateandtime,ifknown,oftransmission.Venice,Episode4;Death,(2004),BBC2,12/12/2004

　　ContributionsinProgrammes

　　Individualspeakersorcontributorstoprogrammesshouldbereferencedbynamefollowedbyyear,programmetitle,channelanddateoftransmissione.g.:Brown,G.,(2007),LiveTreasuryQuestions,BBCParliament,29/03/2007DVD/Video

　　Listthetitle,yearofproduction,format,Director‟sname,productionplaceandorganisation,e.g.:Dogma,(1999),VHS,DirectedbyKevinSmith,ViewAskew

　　LearningAdviceCentre

　　ocreateabibliographiclistthatcanbeimportedintoyourworddocument

　　TologintoRefWorksuseyourAthensusernameandpassword.

　　NOTE:beforeyoustarttouseRefWorksitishighlyadvisablethatyoueitherlookattheguidanceonthelibraryhomepageorworkthroughtheonlinetutorials.RefWorksisnotatoolthatcanbelearnedin5minutesandusedasalastminutequickfixifyouarebehindonanassignment.

　　Remember,aswithanyassignment,youshouldensurethatonceyouhaveimportedyourbibliographyyoueditandformatittomatchyourdepartmentalprotocol;bibliographicalinformationcreatedusingRefWorksmaybeformattedinanalternativeway.

　　References:

　　Cottrell,S.,(2003),SkillsforSuccess;ThePersonalDevelopmentPlanningHandbook,PalgraveMacmillan,UKHolland,M.,(2006),CitingReferences,AcademicServices,BournemouthUniversity,

　　英文参考文献二篇

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　　[2]Eckersley,C.E.BrighterEnglish[M].London:Longman,1979.

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　　英文参考文献三篇

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